Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2024-06-19 Origin: Site
Introduction:
Acetonitrile, also known as AN or Methyl cyanide, is a widely used solvent in the chemical industry, recognized by its CAS number 75-05-8. Its applications range from chromatography to pharmaceutical synthesis.
Chemical Profile:
Acetonitrile has a molecular formula of C2H3N and a molar mass of 41.05. It is a colorless transparent liquid with a density of 0.7857, a melting point of -46℃, and a boiling point of 81-82℃. The flash point is 2℃, indicating its high flammability.
Physical Properties:
As a morphological liquid with a color rating of less than 10(APHA), Acetonitrile is known for its miscibility with water and various organic solvents, while it is immiscible with saturated hydrocarbons. It can dissolve certain inorganic salts and form an azeotropic mixture with water.
Applications:
Acetonitrile is utilized in:
The extraction of monomers for nitrile rubber and carbon manufacturing.
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a solvent and stationary phase for gas chromatography.
Spectrophotometric determinations and non-aqueous titration solvents.
The recrystallization of steroids and extraction of fatty acids.
Safety Information:
With an oral LD50 of 3800mg/kg in rats, Acetonitrile must be handled with care. It should be stored away from fire, heat sources, and direct sunlight, and not mixed with oxidants, reductants, acids, or alkalis. The recommended storage temperature is between +5°C to +30°C.
Conclusion:
Acetonitrile’s role as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis and its broad solvency capabilities make it an essential solvent in analytical chemistry and various synthesis processes. Its properties and applications underscore its importance in scientific research and industrial applications.
