Nitromethane: A Versatile and Powerful Solvent and Fuel

Introduction:

Nitromethane, recognized by its CAS number 75-52-5, is a potent chemical with various synonyms such as NM-55 and Nitrofuel. It is an essential component in numerous industries due to its unique properties.

Chemical Profile:

Nitromethane's molecular formula is CH3NO2, with a molar mass of 61.04 g/mol. This compound is characterized by:

• Density: 1.127 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

• Melting Point: -29 °C

• Boiling Point: 101.2 °C (lit.)

• Flash Point: 95°F

• Water Solubility: 9.5 g/100 mL at 20 ºC

• Solubility: 105g/l

• Appearance: A clear liquid

Storage Considerations:

Given its flammable and toxic nature, Nitromethane must be stored in a flammables area, isolated from oxidants, and away from tank car transportation. It is commonly packaged in aluminum or plastic barrels and should be kept in a cool, ventilated area to ensure safety.

Applications:Nitromethane's utility spans across several sectors:

• Rocket Fuel:

  It serves as a high-energy fuel for rocket propulsion, valued for its high heat release and quick combustion.

• Solvent for Industrial Applications:

  It is an effective solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and vinyl resins, commonly used in the coating industry.

• Coating Industry:

  Nitromethane is employed in formulations for polyacrylate coatings and as a solvent for beeswax.

• Synthesis of Various Products:

  It acts as a precursor in the production of explosives, rocket fuels, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, fungicides, stabilizers, and gasoline additives.

Conclusion:

Nitromethane, with its diverse applications and potent properties, is a critical chemical in the modern industrial landscape. Its role in rocket fuels, solvent applications, and as a synthetic intermediate underscores its importance. Proper handling and storage are paramount due to its flammable and toxic characteristics.